Quantum Computing : New Technology Report

QUANTUM COMPUTERS 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

“A COMPLETE REVOLUTION IN COMPUTING IS QUANTUM COMPUTING CHANGING THE LIFE OF COMPUTING FROM BLACK AND WHITE TO A RAINBOW”

Quantum Computer is a innovative creation  in the field of computers. Quantum computers run on the principles of quantum physics unlike the present day computers which run on binary system platform based on transistors .Conventional Computers store the data encoded in the form of 0 and 1 only where as Quantum computers store the data in more different ways using quantum bits .

Quantum computers can provide multiple solutions for the complex mathematical problems , as well as can simplify the use of algorithms and solve real life problems too . These computers will have the best time efficiency and utilisation commonly referred to the term of optimisation . 

TECHNICAL AND HISTORICAL INFORMATION

HISTORICAL INFORMATION :

 Year 1981:The idea of making quantum computer was put forward by physicist Richard Feynman at a conference that was organised by MIT and IBM collectively . He said “”Nature isn’t classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you’d better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly it’s a wonderful problem, because it doesn’t look so easy.”[1] 

Year  1984: The first set of solving codes for quantum computing commonly known as “quantum cryptography protocol” was published by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard who were  IBM scientists .

Year 1993 : Quantum teleportation was discovered . Quantum teleportations means that the data can b transferred from one form to another using quantum bits but at this stage the original had to be destroyed . The term Quantum teleportation was given by Charles Bennett who had an international team of six people for the project .

Year 1996 : A list of conditions necessary for the quantum computing were developed and listed down in the paper “The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation” written by physicist David P. DiVincenzo.

Year 2005 : Semi conductor ion trap chip was developed by the researchers working at university of Michigan , which were build to help measure quantum computing.

Year 2009 : the first solid state processor was developed at yale university consisting of two quantum bits which could conduct themselves into artificial quantum bits which were created .

Year 2011 : D-wave made the first 128 quantum bits processor which had to go through certain criticism after been purchased by Martin which claimed it was not real . But after few procedures it was clear that the chips designed had some quantum properties .

Year 2012 : 1QBit was founded which is the first company to provide solutions for quantum computing softwares

Year  2013 : Google announced that it was launching the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab, hosted by NASA.

 

Year 2015 : The first quantum computer was displayed publicly by  NASA which was made by the company D-wave at the lab designed by NASA.

Year 2016 : IBM made the most powerful 16 quantum bit processor so far .

Year 2018 : Google quantum   Artificial lab made 27 quantum bit processor and named it as Bristlecone.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION :

  • MECHANISM OF OPERATION

The normal computer works on the principle of the storing data in bits , in the same way the quantum computer will save data based on the quantum bits where one quantum bit can represent any state .When two pairs combine using the principle of superposition (which states that the two states can be combined to make another state just like two waves can be combined in classical physics ) it makes 4 states ie. 2*2=4 hence making it to 2n states depending on the number of states combining .

 

  • PROSPECTIVES

Quantum Computers will operate on a completely different scale and with the quantum physics it would be really easy to solve complex problems like factorial of number and since all the basic coding solutions  starts at this point only .

As a result of the mechanism , the quantum computers will tend to develop large massive storage and stimulating atoms even like hydrogen , with additional benefit of the high speed .

AFFECT / ADVANTAGES ON SOCIETY 

  • The major cause of concern for the researchers at the present time is that the due to the cryptography there is chance that the most secure websites could be hacked within a fraction of second using quantum computing . hence scientists and workers are currently looking for solutions to prevent quantum hacking solutions . This could have an negative impact on the whole society specially endangering the security , military data and highly sensitive data of a nation leading to a chaotic situation world wide .
  • On the other hand , quantum computing could be used to solve many complex mathematical problem as well as complex algorithms thus making quantum computing the best computing solutions so far . Also quantum computing in future will be possible to be operated only by professionals for some duration after the model is invented .
  • Its could benefit even the medical sector helping with cures for the incurable disease hence would have an impact on every section of the society ranging from the poor to the extremely rich .

REFERENCES

Ryan F. M. 2017, IBM Quantum Computer Does Record-Breaking Chemistry, IBM, retrieved 27 April 2018,<https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/10/ibm-quantum-computer-does-record-breaking-chemistry/>

Rob P. 2016, At a Glance – Quantum Computing, retrieved 27 April 2018, <https://disruptionhub.com/glance-quantum-computing/>

ABIGAIL B. & REYNOLDS M. 2018, What are quantum computers and how do they work? WIRED explains, retrieved 27 April 2018, <http://www.wired.co.uk/article/quantum-computing-explained>

‘Quantum computing’ 2018, Quantum computing, 17 March, retrieved 27 April 2018, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing>

Lee Bomes 2018, Quantum Computers Strive to Break Out of the Lab, weblog post, 22 March, retrieved 27 April 2018, <https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/quantum-computers-strive-to-break-out-of-the-lab>

Quantum Computers Explained – Limits of Human Technology 2015, streaming video, Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell Published, 8 December, retrieved 27 April 2018, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhHMJCUmq28&t=3s>

How Does a Quantum Computer Work? 2013, streaming video, Veritasium, 17 June, retrieved 27 April 2018, <How Does a Quantum Computer Work?>

Google and NASA’s Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab 2013, streaming video, Google, 11 October, retrieved 27 April 2018, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMdHDHEuOUE>

How Quantum Computing Will Change The World! 2015, streaming video, Seeker, 13 January, retrieved 28 April 2018, <How Quantum Computing Will Change The World!>

Glosser.ca, Qubit, retrieved 27 April 2018, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit#/media/File:Bloch_Sphere.svg>

Reddit.com, Qubit, retrieved 27 April 2018, <https://www.reddit.com/r/pcmasterrace/comments/3wqrnq/tv_show_scorpion_says_this_is_a_quantum_computer/>